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Spondylolisthesis primarily affects adolescents and young adults, particularly those who participate in activities that put repeated stress on the spine, such as competitive sports. This demographic is at risk due to the mechanical strain placed on the vertebrae during growth spurts and through high-impact physical activities.

In adolescents, the condition often develops due to a combination of genetic predisposition and physical activity; specifically, sports that involve hyperextension of the back, like gymnastics and football, can lead to stress fractures in the vertebrae. These stress fractures can result in slippage of the vertebra, which is the hallmark of spondylolisthesis.

Older adults with osteoporosis may experience spondylolisthesis as well, but this typically results from degenerative changes rather than the intrinsic mechanical stress seen in younger athletes. Children under 10 years are less likely to develop spondylolisthesis unless there's a significant underlying condition. Women during menopause may experience lower bone density, but this demographic is not specifically linked to spondylolisthesis as directly as active adolescents and young adults are. Thus, the correct choice highlights the significance of physical activity during a phase of rapid skeletal growth as a primary factor in the prevalence of spondyl